Applying a mixed methods design to test saturation for qualitative data in health outcomes research

Saturation, a core concept in qualitative research, suggests when data collection might end. It is reached when no new relevant information emerges with additional interviews. The aim of this research was to explore whether a mixed methods design could contribute to the demonstration of saturation. Firstly, saturation was conceptualized mathematically using set theory. Secondly, a conversion mixed design was conducted: a set of codes derived from qualitative interviews were quantitized and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression to document whether saturation was reached. A qualitative study conducted by other researchers prior to this work (i.e. none of the present authors was involved in this study) was used to test saturation using PLS regression. This illustrative qualitative study aimed to investigate the impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on nurses’ work in the hospital and the results were published elsewhere (Guillemin et al. 2015). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses. Saturation was characterized by the cumulative percentage of variability accounted for by PLS factors. After 12 interviews, this percentage was 51% which suggests that saturation was achieved at least on main themes. Two main themes identifying similarities in the experience of nurses caring for patients with CDI were identified: Organization/Coordination of the working day and Time-consuming work. Although dependent on the coding of qualitative data, PLS regression of quantitized data from qualitative interviews generated useful information for the determination of saturation

Scoring and psychometric properties of the Eye-Drop Satisfaction Questionnaire (EDSQ), an instrument to assess satisfaction and compliance with glaucoma treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective of this study was to ascertain the scoring and assess the psychometric properties of the Eye-Drop Satisfaction Questionnaire (EDSQ), a 43-item Patient-Reported Outcome instrument developed to assess patients' satisfaction and compliance with glaucoma treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The EDSQ was administered during an observational, retrospective study to 184 French patients treated for glaucoma. The hypothesized structure, including six dimensions (patient-clinician relationship; patient experience; patient-treatment interaction; apprehension; patient knowledge; travel), was tested by assessing the internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and construct-related validity (item convergent and discriminant validity). As unsatisfactory results were demonstrated, another structure was defined using a principal component analysis (PCA) combined with content of items. Psychometric properties of this new structure were assessed. Scores were compared between low, moderate and high compliance profile groups defined using data collected with the Travalert electronic device.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analyses were performed with the 169 patients who completed at least half of the EDSQ items. The hypothesized structure showed a Cronbach's alpha lower than 0.70 for four dimensions out of six and an overall poor construct-related validity (range of item-scale correlations: 0.00-0.68). The new structure obtained with the PCA included six dimensions: concern about treatment (five items); concern about disease (two items); satisfaction with patient-clinician relationship (five items); positive beliefs (three items); treatment convenience (three items); and self-declared compliance (three items). A score ranging from 0 to 100 was calculated for each dimension, with higher scores indicating more of the attribute referred to in the dimension. Internal consistency reliability was good (Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70 for five dimensions). The structure offered good construct-related validity (range of item-scale correlations: 0.36-0.82). Ceiling effects of 21% and 49%, were observed for the satisfaction with patient-clinician relationship and self-declared compliance scores. Patients in low compliance profile group reported the lowest score for the satisfaction with patient-clinician relationship, positive beliefs, treatment convenience and self-declared compliance dimensions, and the highest score for the concern about treatment dimension.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The scoring of the EDSQ was developed and the questionnaire proved to have satisfactory psychometric properties. EDSQ scores showed a promising relationship to compliance profiles. The EDSQ could be used in future studies.</p

Single-arm studies involving patient-reported outcome data in oncology: a literature review on current practice

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in single-arm cancer studies. We reviewed 60 recent publications of single-arm studies of cancer treatment involving PRO data for current practice on design, analysis, reporting, and interpretation. We further examined their handling of potential bias and how they informed decision-making. Most studies (97%) analyzed PROs without stating a predefined research hypothesis. Thirteen studies (22%) used a PRO as a (co)primary endpoint. Definitions of PRO objectives, study population, endpoints, and strategies of handling missing data varied widely. Twenty-three studies (38%) compared the PRO data to external information, most often by using a clinically important difference value; one study used a historical control group. Appropriateness of methods to handle missingness and intercurrent events including death were seldom discussed. Most studies (85%) concluded that PRO results supported treatment. Conducting and reporting of PROs in cancer single-arm studies lacks standards, and a critical discussion of statistical methods and possible biases. These findings will guide the Setting International Standards in Analysing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Data in Cancer Clinical Trials-Innovative Medicines Initiative (SISAQOL-IMI) in developing recommendations for the use of PRO-measures in single arm studies

Discours du voyage d' Outremer au Saint Sepulcre de Jérusalem et autres lieux de la Terre Sainte.

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Discours du voyage d' Outremer au saint Sepulcre de Ierusalem et autres lieux de la Terre Sainte. Avec plusieurs traictez, dont le Catalogue est en la page 265

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Etude de l'intrication dans l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire

Depuis une trentaine d'années, les phases topologiques ont suscité un intérêt important parce qu'elles ne peuvent être comprises dans le cadre de la théorie de Landau des transitions de phases. Par définition, ces phases ne peuvent être distingués des phases triviales par une mesure locale et il est donc difficile de les identifier. Parmi les différentes techniques utilisées pour identifier les phases topologiques, les mesures d'intrication, introduites dans le cadre de l'informatique quantique, se sont révélées fructueuses. Li et Haldane ont proposé d'utiliser le spectre d'intrication : il s'agit du spectre de la matrice densité réduite obtenue lors d'un découpage du système en deux sous-parties. Ils ont montré que, pour les états modèles de l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire, le comptage des états du spectre d'intrication possède une partie universelle dont le comptage est relié à celui des excitations de bord du système. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai cherché à comprendre ce que permettait d'obtenir le spectre d'intrication appliqué aux phases de l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire qui est l'exemple typique de phases topologiques en interaction forte. Mes premiers travaux ont consisté à étudier le spectre d'intrication, tel que l'avait défini Li et Haldane. J'ai ainsi montré qu'au-delà des états modèles il était possible de définir un gap d'intrication. J'ai aussi relié les structures au-dessus du gap d'intrication aux excitations de type quasitrous-quasiparticules. Par la suite, j'ai défini deux autres spectres d'intrication qui repose sur des découpages différents du système. Le spectre d'intrication par particule permet d'accéder à d'autres excitations de type quasitrous alors que le spectre d'intrication géométrique règle un certain nombre de problèmes que la définition de Li et Haldane posait. Enfin, j'ai utilisé ces outils pour identifier les phases, similaires à celles de l'effet Hall quantique fractionnaire, émergentes pour un gaz de bosons dans un réseau optique ou dans les isolants de Chern fractionnairesIn the past decades it has become clear that Landau's theory of phase transitions which involves the appearance of a broken-symmetry order parameter does not apply to a series of phases of matter with so-called topological order. The absence of a local order parameter makes the identification of a topological phase a difficult task. Among the different techniques that have been applied to probe topological phases, entanglement measurements, first introduced in the context of quantum computation, turned out to be very successful. Li and Haldane suggested to use the entanglement spectrum : it is the spectrum of the reduced density matrix obtained when the system is cut into two parts. They found that, for fractional quantum Hall model states, the counting of states of the entanglement spectrum has a universal part which is related to the one of the edge excitations. During my Ph.D thesis, I tried to understand what information the entanglement spectrum could provide when applied to fractional quantum Hall phases. These phases are the typical examples of strongly interacting topological phases. I first studied the entanglement spectrum as proposed by Li and Haldane. I showed that, away from model states, it was possible to define a clear entanglement gap. I also related the structures above the entanglement gap to quasihole-quasiparticule excitations. Then, I defined two other types of entanglement spectrum that rely on different ways of partitioning the system. The particle entanglement spectrum gives access to quasihole excitations whereas the real space entanglement spectrum solves several issues of the original proposal for the entanglement spectrum. Finally, I used these tools to identify phases similar to the one of the fractional quantum Hall effect that emerges in bosonic cold atoms gases in an optical lattice or in fractional Chern insulators.PARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF